AAT141-S00輸入模塊
AAR181-SE0/R8S10 AAI141-SE0/A4S10 AAV141-SE0/A4S10 AAV142-SE0/A4S10 AAV542-SE0/A4S10
AAR181-SF0/R8S10 AAI141-SF0/A4S10 AAV141-SF0/A4S10 AAV142-SF0/A4S10 AAV542-SF0/A4S10
AAR181-H00/R8S10 AAI141-H00/A4S10 AAV141-H00/A4S10 AAV142-H00/A4S10 AAV542-H00/A4S10
AAR181-H50/R8S10 AAI141-H50/A4S10 AAV141-H50/A4S10 AAV142-H50/A4S10 AAV542-H50/A4S10
TC Input/RTD Input Modules (Isolated)
These modules receive signals from mV, thermocouple (TC) and RTD. They can be used in dual redundant con?guration.
Items | Speci?cations | ||
Model | AAT141 | AAR181 | |
Number of input channels | 16, isolated (*7) | 12, isolated | |
Input signal | TC: JIS C1602:1995, IEC584:1995 Type J, K, E, B(*1), R, S, T, N mV: -100 to 150 mV, -20 to 80 mV |
RTD: JIS C1604:1997, IEC751:1995 Pt100 (3-wire type)(*6) | |
Switching input signals | TC/mV can be set individually for CH1 to CH16. | CH1 to CH12 are RTD inputs. | |
Allowable input voltage | ±5 V | ±5 V | |
Withstanding voltage | Between input and system: 1500 V AC, For 1 minute | ||
Input resistance | Power ON | 2 MΩ or more | |
Power OFF | 2 MΩ or more | ||
Accuracy | TC: ±30 µV MV: ±80 µV for span (-100 to 150 mV) ±30 µV for span (-20 to 80 mV) |
RTD: ±120 mΩ | |
Allowable total resistance of signal source plus wiring |
1000 Ω or less |
40 Ω or less (wiring resistance per wire) (*2) | |
Effect of allowable signal source resistance (1000 Ω) |
±20 µV(*3) |
— | |
Reference junction compensation accuracy |
Within ±1 °C (*4) (*5) |
— | |
Measurement current | — | RTD: 1 mA | |
Temperature drift | ±80 µV/10 °C (-100 to 150 mV input) ±30 µV/10 °C (TC/-20 to 80 mV input) |
±120 mΩ/10 °C (RTD input) | |
Data update period | 1 s | ||
Burn-out | All channels can be set together. Setting: Not available/available (UP/DOWN) detection time: 60 s | ||
Maximum current consumption | 450 mA (5 V DC) | 450 mA (5 V DC) | |
Weight | 0.2 kg | ||
External connection | Pressure clamp terminal |
Voltage Output Modules (Isolated)
It can be used in dual redundant con?guration.
Items | Speci?cations |
Model | AAV544 |
Number of output channels | 16, isolated |
Output signal | -10 to 10 V |
Withstanding voltage | Between output and system: 1500 V AC Withstanding voltage, For 1 minute (*1) |
Allowable load resistance | 5 kΩ or more |
Accuracy | The larger one among ±12 mV or ±0.3 %FS |
Data update period | 10 ms |
Drift due to ambient temperature change | The larger one among ±0.1 %/10 ?C or ±10 mV/10 ?C |
Maximum current consumption | 860 mA (5 V DC) |
Weight | 0.2 kg |
External communication | Pressure clamp terminal, MIL connector cable, Dedicated cable (KS1) |
*1: The withstanding voltage for using the dedicated cable is 500 V AC (between the input signal and the system).
The withstanding voltage for using MIL connector cable depends on the electrical speci?cations of its cable.
3 人為故障
在對DCS系統(tǒng)進行維護或故障處理時,有時會發(fā)生人為誤操作現(xiàn)象,這對于經(jīng)常進行系統(tǒng)維護或新參加系統(tǒng)檢修維護的人員來說都是會發(fā)生的。一般在修改控制邏輯、下裝軟件、重啟設(shè)備或強制設(shè)備、保護信號時zui易發(fā)生誤操作事件。AAT141-S00輕則導致部分測點、設(shè)備異常,重則造成機組或主要輔機設(shè)備停運,后果是非常嚴重的。在使用DCS的電廠、石化、化工廠,人為誤操作發(fā)生的故障在熱工專業(yè)中的不安全事件中占有很大比例。
4 電源故障
電源方面的問題也較多,如備用電源不能自投,保險配置不合理及DPU電源內(nèi)部故障等造成電源中斷,穩(wěn)壓電源波動引起保護誤動及接插頭接觸不良導致穩(wěn)壓電源無輸出;有的系統(tǒng)整個機柜通過一路保險供所有輸入信號或一路電源外接負載很大,還有的控制電源既未接UPS又未有冗余備用。
5 SOE工作不正常
SOE的結(jié)論對事故的分析、判斷起了很重要的作用,但在現(xiàn)實中,許多電廠發(fā)生保護動作等情況時SOE未記錄下來或記錄時間與實際情況不符。如××電廠#1機組出現(xiàn)過SOE事件順序追憶時間與實際跳閘時間不相對應,SOE時間打印瀏覽后不能返回,*跳閘原因在事件順序中不能*個反映,SOE時間順序數(shù)據(jù)不能設(shè)置等問題。而有的電廠在幾次事故分析時發(fā)現(xiàn)SOE結(jié)論中的時序與歷史曲線中的時序有偏差,有時甚至時序顛倒,具體表現(xiàn)于同一點在歷史曲線和SOE中發(fā)生時間不*,且有時偏差很大,這會延誤事故分析的進程,有時甚至誤導事故分析方向。SOE問題既與系統(tǒng)設(shè)計不合理,SOE點沒*集中在一個DPU上有關(guān),也與系統(tǒng)硬件及軟件設(shè)計考慮不周有關(guān)。
6 干擾造成的故障
干擾造成DCS故障的事例也不少。D璐系統(tǒng)的干擾信號可能來自于系統(tǒng)本身,也可能來自于外部環(huán)境。
由于不同的DCS系統(tǒng)對接地都有嚴格的規(guī)定,一旦接地電阻或接地方式達不到要求,就會使網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信的效率降低或增加誤碼的可能,輕則造成部分功能不正常,重則導致網(wǎng)絡(luò)癱瘓。
電源質(zhì)量同樣影響系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定運行。用于DCS系統(tǒng)的電源既要保證電壓的穩(wěn)定,也要保證在一路電源故障時,無擾切換至另一路電源,否則會對系統(tǒng)工作產(chǎn)生干擾。
過程控制處理機主/備處理機之間的切換有時也會導致干擾。
另外,大功率的無線電通信設(shè)備如手機、對講機等在工作時,極易造成干擾,危及系統(tǒng)運行。